Published on: March 27, 2023
Updated on: March 27, 2025
Author: Kentucky Counseling Center
Suicide is not classified as a mental disorder but is often a serious consequence of declining mental health—one that can be prevented. Treatable mental disorders such as bipolar disorder, substance use disorders, major depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can escalate to suicidal thoughts or actions when left unaddressed. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, underscoring the importance of early intervention. If mental health challenges are identified and treated earlier, it may prevent the risk of suicide.
If you’re concerned that a family member or loved one has suicidal thoughts, you should reach out to help. Do not wait until it’s too late; you can save a life by simply reaching out. Below, you will learn how to recognize the signs of suicide and what you can do to help.
Warning Signs of Suicidal Behavior
The following are common warning signs of someone who may be experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors. The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) also highlights similar indicators. As soon as you notice any of these warning signs, reach out and seek professional help right away.
- Feeling hopeless
- Lacking optimism and a reason to live. The person may feel there is no motivation for a better future or success.
- Feeling trapped
- Unable to say “no” to the people around them. They cannot take control of their lives and always say “yes,” even if they don’t want to.
- Sleep changes
- Insomnia, oversleeping, or isolating in a room for prolonged periods (often due to depression).
- Changes in appearance or personality
- Noticeable changes in behavior, appearance, or personality. May exhibit severe sadness, unexplainable mood swings, or rage.
- Self-harm or dangerous behavior
- Engaging in harmful or reckless behavior because they may no longer value their life. Examples: reckless driving, excessive alcohol use, or drug abuse.
- Withdrawal
- Withdrawing from friends, family, or social activities. A loss of interest in previously enjoyed hobbies or events.
- Recent life crisis or trauma
- Events such as a divorce, the death of a loved one, a financial crisis, a life-threatening medical diagnosis, or job loss can trigger suicidal thoughts.
- Preparation or planning
- Some individuals may begin to put personal affairs in order: visiting loved ones, making a will, giving away possessions or money, cleaning up their house, or writing a note. They may also purchase firearms or poisons.
- Sudden calmness
- After a period of depression, they may suddenly appear peaceful or calm, possibly because they have decided to end their life.
- Talking about suicide
- Statements like, “I don’t want to be a burden” or “It would be better for everyone if I wasn’t here” should be taken seriously. Even if not everyone who talks about dying follows through, it’s a critical warning sign.
Risk Factors
Suicidal behavior can stem from a variety of causes. While it’s not always possible to determine why someone may develop suicidal thoughts, certain risk factors make suicide ideation more likely.
Individual Factors
- Previous suicide attempts
- Underlying mental health conditions (e.g., depression, substance use disorder, anxiety disorders)
- Chronic or terminal illnesses (e.g., cancer, chronic kidney disease, HIV/AIDS)
- Financial or legal problems
- Easy access to lethal means (e.g., firearms, excess medication, poison)
- Impulsive or violent behavior
- Substance abuse issues
- High-stress lifestyles
Relationship Factors
- History of sexual, physical, or emotional abuse
- Traumatic experiences such as bullying or neglect
- End of a romantic relationship (divorce or breakup)
- Death of a spouse
- Lack of a support system (friends, family, or loved ones)
Cultural, Community, Societal, and Mental Health Factors
- Stigma around mental health issues that discourages seeking help
- Lack of access to mental health care or therapists
- Inability to afford mental health services or necessary medications
- Cultural or religious beliefs that may view self-harm as a solution
- Influence of social media or news reports that might present suicide as an option
- Social isolation
Family History of Suicide
- Family history of suicide
- A family member with a psychiatric illness
- A family member or loved one who attempted suicide
Although teens, young adults, and the elderly are statistically more prone to suicide, anyone—regardless of age or gender—can be at risk. It might be a friend, coworker, or a relative. Never assume someone is immune to suicidal thoughts.
What to Do If You Think Someone Has Suicidal Signs
Recognizing warning signs and risk factors is only the first step. If you detect these signs, it’s crucial to act immediately. By reaching out, you can save a life and potentially help that person find renewed hope.
- Ask direct questions
- Gently ask if they’re going through something difficult, if they feel okay, or if they are experiencing suicidal thoughts.
- Listen actively and avoid judgment
- Be mindful of your words; this is a delicate situation. Offer a safe space for them to share their feelings without fear of criticism.
- Validate their feelings
- Acknowledge that they may be experiencing depression or another mental health condition that can be treated.
- Encourage professional help
- Urge them to speak with a counselor or therapist for proper diagnosis and support.
If You Feel Someone Is in Immediate Danger
- Stay calm and calm them down
- Practice steady reassurance.
- Never leave them alone
- Ask friends, family members, or loved ones for support. Monitor them around the clock if possible, but without appearing intrusive or panicked.
- Remove lethal means
- Secure firearms, sharp objects, medications, or any other potential tools for self-harm.
- Inform relevant professionals
- If they are in a psychiatric facility, notify the attending medical team immediately.
- Contact emergency services
- Call 911, the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (simply dial or text 988 in the U.S.), suicide prevention hotlines, or the Kentucky Suicide & Crisis Hotlines if you’re in the area.
Can Suicide Be Prevented?
Yes. Suicide can often be prevented through early intervention and support from loved ones. Friends, family, and a robust support network play a vital role in detecting mental health challenges early. If you observe the onset of depression or other concerning symptoms, encourage the person to seek help promptly. Attempted suicide is frequently a cry for help; sometimes, all an individual needs is a compassionate listener who offers nonjudgmental support.
Treatment for Individuals Who Are at Risk for Suicide
If you know someone at risk, accompany them to therapy sessions or medical appointments to ensure consistent support. The most common treatment options include talk therapy, medication, and lifestyle modifications.
Medication
Doctors may prescribe antidepressants, antipsychotics, or antianxiety medications. Close monitoring is essential to ensure proper dosage and to prevent the risk of medication misuse or overdose.
Lifestyle Changes
Treatment is rarely instantaneous; it requires ongoing effort and adjustments:
- Encourage a healthy lifestyle: Nutritious eating, regular exercise, outdoor walks, sufficient sleep, meditation, or reading.
- Discourage substance abuse: Keep them away from alcohol or drugs if substance use is an existing issue.
Talk Therapy for Suicidal Signs
Talk therapies like psychotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) are significant tools in suicide prevention. These modalities help individuals develop coping strategies, challenge negative thought patterns, and establish a supportive therapeutic alliance.
Talk to a Therapist Now
You don’t have to wait for days or endure long queues to speak with a therapist. If you or someone you know requires support, seek professional help as soon as possible. If you’re from Kentucky or Ohio, you can schedule an appointment and have mental health counseling at Kentucky Counseling Center (KCC). By proactively reaching out, you can help change someone’s life trajectory and potentially save a life.
