Published on: September 8, 2021
Updated on: September 8, 2025
Author: Kentucky Counseling Center
Charlie Chaplin famously remarked, “I always like walking in the rain, so no one can see me crying.” Indeed, the act of crying is an integral part of human nature—and for good reason. You cry for a variety of reasons: watching a sentimental movie, listening to a sad song, experiencing heartbreak, or even feeling overwhelming joy. But why does it actually feel good to cry? Below, we’ll explore the science behind crying, the different types of tears, and how shedding those tears can have a positive impact on your physical and emotional well-being.
Understanding the Role of Crying
Crying or sobbing is hardwired into our biology. As humans, we produce tears not just for physical reasons (such as lubricating the eyes) but also due to emotional experiences.
According to Scientific American, humans are the only species known to cry emotional tears. While animals shed tears to keep their eyes moist or remove irritants, our tears can be an outlet for complex feelings like sadness, grief, or even happiness.
Crying as Communication: Crying signals to others that you need help or comfort. This social function can strengthen bonds and create a sense of support within close relationships.
Why Do Humans Cry?
- Emotional Expression
Crying is a way to process intense emotions—both positive and negative. - Stress Release
Crying helps expel stress-inducing hormones and toxins that accumulate in the body. - Connection and Comfort
Tears can be a non-verbal signal that invites empathy and support from those around you.
Types of Tears
Your tears consist mostly of water but also contain different chemicals and substances depending on their purpose. There are three main types of tears:
1. Basal Tears
- Function: Basal tears are the eye’s continuous lubrication system.
- Composition: They contain water, salt, oil, and mucus, which help fight infection and keep the eyes from drying out.
2. Irritant Tears
- Function: These tears form as a response to irritants like dust, smoke, or the strong fumes from cutting onions.
- Composition: Irritant tears help flush out harmful substances and protect your eyes from damage.
3. Emotional Tears
- Function: Triggered by intense emotions—such as sadness, grief, joy, or overwhelming relief.
- Composition: Emotional tears release stress hormones and toxins, while also producing endorphins and oxytocin. These “happy hormones” can ease both physical and emotional pain.
The Benefits of Crying
Historically, medical practitioners recognized the purifying effects of crying. Today, psychologists see crying as a helpful tool for relieving stress, strengthening relationships, and expressing empathy. Below are some well-documented benefits:
- Helps Cleanse the Body
Emotional tears can flush out stress hormones and other toxins, aiding in detoxification. - Aids in Self-Soothing
Research suggests that crying activates the parasympathetic nervous system, which helps the body rest and recover. - Lessens Pain
When you cry, oxytocin and endorphins are released—chemicals that naturally reduce pain and promote relaxation. - Improves Mood
Crying helps regulate your body’s systems. Every sob or breath you take during crying can bring more oxygen to the brain, stabilizing your overall mood. - Strengthens Bonds
Tears can signal to loved ones that you need help, fostering closeness and compassion in relationships. - Essential for Grief Recovery
Crying is a survival mechanism that allows you to acknowledge and process deep emotions such as losing a loved one. - Balances Emotions
Shedding tears can help you regain stability when your feelings are otherwise overwhelming. - Aids in Communication
For newborns, crying is a primary form of communication. In adults, it serves as non-verbal language, conveying distress or a need for support. - Influences Social Interactions
Tears can sometimes defuse anger or guilt in social situations, changing how people respond to you.
Crying in Men vs. Women
Several studies indicate that women generally cry more frequently than men. Research suggests that women, on average, cry five times a month, while men cry about once a month. There are various reasons for this disparity:
- Cultural Norms
In many cultures, men are socialized to hold back tears, viewing crying as a sign of weakness. - Biological Factors
Higher testosterone levels in men may inhibit crying, whereas fluctuations in estrogen and other hormones (e.g., during PMS or postpartum) can make women more prone to tears. - Emotional Freedom
Women who feel more comfortable crying openly may find it easier to regulate their moods.
Is It Better to Cry or Hold It In?
Potential Risks of Holding Back Tears
According to studies, suppressing tears can contribute to medical issues like increased blood pressure and a weakened immune system. Emotional distress can also escalate, as you miss the potential calming and stress-relieving benefits crying provides.
- Risk of Hypertension
Chronic stress and unexpressed emotions can strain your cardiovascular health. - Poor Immune Function
Constantly fighting back tears can exacerbate tension, weakening your body’s defenses. - Missed Social Support
Others may not realize you need help if you never show vulnerability.
Does Crying Sometimes Make You Feel Worse?
In some cases, crying in front of negative or dismissive individuals can indeed make you feel worse. You might feel ashamed or belittled, which may lead to a greater sense of isolation. However, in a supportive environment, crying is much more likely to alleviate distress.
Physical Effects of Crying
If you’ve ever had a hard cry, you know it’s not just an emotional experience—your body reacts physically, too:
- Headaches
Intense crying can cause tension headaches due to increased heart rate and muscle tension. - Runny Nose and Saliva
Tears often flow into the nasal cavity, causing mucus buildup. - Puffy Red Eyes
Blood vessels in the eyes and eyelids dilate, leading to redness and swelling. - Trembling or Shaking
The body’s “fight-or-flight” response can cause shaking, particularly during intense crying spells.
When Is Crying Potentially Dangerous?
While crying can be therapeutic, certain crying patterns may indicate deeper mental health issues. Seek professional help if you experience:
- Excessive, Uncontrollable Crying
Especially if it occurs daily or for no apparent reason. - Persistent Sadness or Hopelessness
That affects your day-to-day functioning. - Inability to Cry Despite Feeling Deep Sadness
This can also be a sign of clinical depression or other mental health challenges.
Cry If You Must
Sometimes, words are not enough to express the depth of your emotions, and tears can speak volumes in a single drop. Allowing yourself to cry—whether you’re sad, happy, or overwhelmed—can be therapeutic and help you process life’s ups and downs. However, if crying becomes excessive, uncontrollable, or fails to provide relief, professional support may be necessary.
Kentucky Counseling Center and its team of counselors can help you find healthier emotional outlets. They specialize in providing tools and therapeutic strategies when crying alone isn’t enough to bring you relief. Reach out today to book an appointment and discover a path toward emotional well-being.
